Now I'm not sure about this cause i ain't a car person, but judging from what i have seen from my mate's car sound system, I think Bass Frequency is the strength (don't know the correct word) of your bass. The higher, the more 'oomph' it has, and the longer the 'oomph' goes for (I think). And you can feel it cause it'll be like a replacement of your heartbeat

.
I don't know what the best for your system, cause i dunno, but I'm guessing it's more of a personal preference to how powerful you want the bass.
Treble makes how clear or muffled your audio is. Dunno if this is the same, but thats what Treble is basically. The lower it is, the more muffled the sound. The higher, the more clearer it is (and any hiss sound, like s's, cymbals, etc, will be more defined, so it might pierce your ears

)
As for the others, why not have a look about it yourself on google or something?
Hope that helped a bit

Someone else who knows about this should post something, instead of secretly laughing at my lack of knowledge